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Tổng hợp Đề thi Tiếng Anh THPT Quốc gia

Đề thì số 1 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 1: The aroma of freshly baked bread in the morning has always ________ memories of his childhood home. 

A. evoked 
B. reminisced 
C. instilled
D. incited 

Question 2: Schoolchildren shouldn't make fun of those who are intellectually ________ to them. 

A. responsible 
B. familiar 
C. inferior 
D. essential 

Question 3: John is ________ most hard-working student I've ever known. 

A. the 
B. Ø 
C. a 
D. an 

Question 4: Joseph would never forget ________ by his boss through no fault of his own. 

A. criticising
B. being criticised 
C. to criticise 
D. to be criticised 

Question 5: Once ________ with sufficient information, the freshmen will feel more confident to start the new course.

A. having provided 
B. provided 
C. are provided 
D. providing 

Question 6: I'm sorry. I didn't mean to ________ your feelings when I said such a thing. 

A. injure 
B. hurt 
C. destroy 
D. break

Question 7: Backpacking is best suited for those who are in good physical condition ________. 

A. without being required to walk several miles 
B. so that it would require walking several miles 
C. as it may require walking several miles
D. so as not to require walking several miles 

Question 8: Laura came to ________ me for taking care of her dog when she was away.

A. thankful 
B. thankfulness 
C. thankfully 
D. thank 

Question 9: My uncle tries to spend time playing with his children ________ he is very busy. 

A. because of 
B. although
C. moreover 
D. despite 

Question 10: Linda took great photos of butterflies while she ________ in the forest.

A. is hiking 
B. was hiking 
C. hiked 
D. had hiked 

Question 11: If you follow my directions, you ________ her house easily.

A. will find 
B. would have found 
C. would find 
D. found 

Question 12: The children are highly excited ________ the coming summer holiday. 

A. with 
B. about 
C. to 
D. for 

Question 13: The film was so intriguing that the audience were all ________ to the screen until the end. 

A. stuck 
B. hooked 
C. glued 
D. attached

Question 14: A key component of Industry 4.0 is the Internet of Things characterised by the connections of all mobile ________. 

A. accessories 
B. devices
C. utensils 
D. vehicles 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Question 15: Linda and Peter are talking about safe driving. 
- Linda: "I think drink-driving should be severely punished." 
- Peter: " ________. It may cause accidents or even deaths."

A. I don't think so
B. I absolutely agree with you 
C. I don't understand what you mean 
D. You must be kidding 

Question 16: A porter is talking to Mary in the hotel lobby. 
- Porter: "May I help you with your suitcase?" 
- Mary: "________" 

A. What a shame! 
B. Me too. 
C. Yes, please. 
D. You're welcome. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word (s) CLOSET in meaning the underlined word (s) in each of the following questions.

Question 17: Many experts support the view that children should start learning English as early as possible.

A. reason 
B. problem 
C. reaction 
D. opinion 

Question 18: The young singer's career took off after her latest album topped the charts. 

A. ended in failure 
B. became successful 
C. went unnoticed 
D. remained unchanged 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word (s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word (s) in each of the following questions.

Question 19: My kids only have a faint memory of our hometown as they have lived away from it for a long time. 

A. clear 
B. poor 
C. quick 
D. vague 

Question 20: For a fruitful discussion, the chairman should make sure that every member is at liberty to voice their opinions. 

A. getting approval 
B. having no restriction 
C. getting satisfaction 
D. having no freedom 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 21: 

A. leave 
B. learn 
C. speak 
D. teach 

Question 22: 

A. discussed 
B. performed 
C. cancelled
D. followed 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 23: 

A. terrific 
B. beautiful 
C. general 
D. chemical 

Question 24: 

A. provide
B. listen
C. repeat
D. collect 

Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

Question 25: He badly suffered cyberbullying himself. He realized the true dangers of social media only then. 

A. Such was his suffering of cyberbullying that he didn't realise the true dangers of social media. 
B. Only when he had realized the true dangers of social media did he badly suffer cyberbullying himself. 
C. But for his terrible suffering of cyberbullying, he wouldn't realise the true dangers of social media. 
D. Not until he had badly suffered cyberbullying himself did he realize the true dangers of social media. 

Question 26: Mike didn't follow his parents' advice on choosing his career. He regrets it now. 

A. Mike regrets having followed his parents' advice on choosing his career 
B. Mike wishes he had followed his parents' advice on choosing his career. 
C. If only Mike followed his parents' advice on choosing his career. 
D. If Mike followed his parents' advice on choosing his career, he would regret it. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 27: Jack cycles usually to work to avoid traffic jams at rush hour. 

A. cycles usually  
B. avoid 
C. jams 
D. rush hour

Question 28: With his important contributions, Albert Einstein considered one of the greatest physicists of all time. 

A. With 
B. important 
C. considered
D. greatest 

Question 29: Our grandfather, who had an excellent memory when young, has become very forgettable in recent years due to his old age. 

A. excellent 
B. when young 
C. forgettable 
D. old age 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 30: "What have you done to my laptop, Jane?" asked Tom. 

A. Tom asked Jane what she had done to his laptop. 
B. Tom asked Jane what had she done to his laptop. 
C. Tom asked Jane what has she done to his laptop. 
D. Tom asked Jane what she has done to his laptop.

Question 31: I'm certain that Joe attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. 

A. Joe needn't have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. 
B. Joe mightn't have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. 
C. Joe must have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. 
D. Joe could have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.

Question 32: Many teenagers like facebooking more than doing sport. 

A. Many teenagers like doing sport more than facebooking.
B. Many teenagers like doing sport as much as facebooking.
C. Many teenagers don't like facebooking as much as doing sport.
D. Many teenagers don't like doing sport as much as facebooking.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 37.

Effects of television on childhood literacy 

Nowadays, television occupies a large portion of children's time. From when they start in preschool, children
spend more time watching television than participating in any other (33) ________ except sleeping. (34)________, this is not necessarily a bad thing.

The results of some research suggest that there is considerable overlap between the comprehension processes activated while reading and the processes (35) ________ take place during a period of television viewing. 
If this is so, it may very well be the case that children who learn comprehension skills from television viewing before they ready to read are (36) ________ with some very important tools when they later learn to read.

It has been noted that children are frequently better at recalling televised stories they have watched compared to those they have simply heard. Due to the fact that it is a visual medium, television can present information more concretely than written and spoken text, making it an ideal medium in which to (37)
________ some of the skills and knowledge needed for later reading.

(Adapted from "Complete Advanced" by Laura Malthews and Barbara Thomas)

Question 33: 

A. activity 
B. actively
C. activate 
D. active 

Question 34: 

A. Due to 
B. Because 
C. However
D. For example 

Question 35: 

A. who 
B. where 
C. that 
D. when 

Question 36: 

A. covered 
B. equipped 
C. obsessed 
D. occupied 

Question 37: 

A. cultivate 
B. allocate 
C. manipulate 
D. regulate

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is in the south-east of the country. Edinburgh is situated on the coast, and the beautiful, green Pentland hills are not far from the city centre. Castle Rock stands in the centre of Edinburgh and is the best place for fantastic views of the city. With a population of almost half a million people, the city is an exciting mix of traditional and modern.

The first stop for most visitors to the city is the castle on Castle Rock. It is certainly worth a visit and the area nearby is full of shops that sell whisky and tartans to the tourists. Edinburgh's most famous street, the Royal Mile, runs from the castle to the Palace of Holyroodhouse and the Scottish Parliament. Along the street, you can see many interesting buildings and you can stop for a drink at a traditional, old Scottish pub.

During your visit, you should certainly take the time to see other parts of the city. Princes Street has lovely gardens, museums and shops. The New Town is a superb area for walking with its attractive 18th century houses, offices and churches. Finally, the Grassmarket is an old part of the city, which is full of the cafés, bars and restaurants.

Edinburgh's nightlife is excellent. Clubs usually stay open until three in the morning. You can hear live music in pubs, choose from a number of first-class cinemas or go to a "ceilidh" (a traditional Scottish dance).

The best time to come to the city is in August. Thousands of people visit the Edinburgh Festival, the world's biggest arts festival held every summer. With concerts, opera, theatre and art exhibitions, there is something for everyone. For winter visitors, Hogmanay (the Scottish New Year) is also an incredible experience that you will never forget.

(Adapted from "Straightforward - Pre-intermediate" by Phillip Kerr)

Question 38: Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. A Description of Scotland 
B. Famous Cities in Scotland
C. The Future of Edinburgh 
D. A Destination Guide to Edinburgh 

Question 39: The word "mix" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. action 
B. mood 
C. combination 
D. mess 

Question 40: The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ________. 

A. the area 
B. a visit 
C. the city 
D. the castle 

Question 41: According to paragraph 4, what is a "ceilidh"? 

A. It is a kind of Scottish music.
B. It is the name of a Scottish pub. 
C. It is the first Scottish cinema. 
D. It is a traditional Scottish dance. 

Question 42: According to paragraph 5, what is NOT true about the Edinburgh Festival? 

A. It is a famous event.
B. It offers arts performances.
C. It attracts thousands of visitors.
D. It takes place in winter.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

The first impressions are rather menacing. Visitors must sign in and show identification before being allowed into the building. Such tight security gives one the feeling of entering a prison or some other dangerous place. But what a deceptive first impression! Manhattan Comprehensive Night High School may be the friendliest, most caring institution in all of New York City. A school of last resort for many of its students, it is their best chance to turn their lives around, and make friends in the process. Manhattan Comp, as it is called, is the first full-time night high school in America.

High school is compulsory until the age of sixteen in America, but many students drop out, either before or after they reach sixteen, and before receiving their high school diplomas. Until now, night education programmes for dropouts only provided the basics and then awarded an equivalency certificate. But now, Manhattan Comp offers the total high school experience, complete with a "lunch" break, physical education and clubs. The students receive an academic diploma, which they say is more helpful in getting a job than an equivalency certificate. More than sixty percent of Manhattan Comp's students go on to college.

Most of the school's 450 students have either been expelled from or dropped out of other high schools. Some have been in two or three schools before this one. What seems to make this school work for these hard-to-place students is the staff and, most importantly, the principal. All students call him Howard. As he walks through the building, he greets students by name, asks about their families or jobs and jokes with them about the lack of variety in the school cafeteria.

Most students at Manhattan Comp are between eighteen and twenty-two years old. You must be at least seventeen to enrol. The classes run from 5 to 11 p.m., Mondays through Thursdays, with all-day enrichment programmes on Sundays which explore topics like playwriting art and video production. School terms are ten weeks long, which gives students the opportunity to take time off for family matters or jobs. Most students already have some academic credits from previous schools. So instead of the normal four years in high school, they spend between six months and two years at Manhattan Comp.

(Adapted from "Oxford Exam Excellence" by Danuts Gryes et al.)

Question 43: Which best serves as the title for the passage? 

A. A Day in the Life of a Manhattan Comp Student 
B. Manhattan Comp: One of a Kind
C. Night Schools: A Passing Fad 
D. The Success Story of a Typical American School 

Question 44: The word "deceptive" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. 

A. misleading 
B. unwelcoming
C. subjective 
D. lasting

Question 45: What do Manhattan Comp students say about their academic diploma? 

A. It demonstrates their superior academic competence. 
B. It ensures their admission to well-known colleges.
C. It reflects a more thorough schooling experience. 
D. It improves their chances of getting employed.

Question 46: The phrase "expelled from" in paragraph 3 mostly means ________.

A. invited to attend 
B. asked to stay 
C. forced to leave 
D. qualified to graduate 

Question 47: The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to ________.

A. schools 
B. years 
C. credits
D. students 

Question 48: How long does it generally take students to complete the education at Manhattan Comp? 

A. Two years and a half 
B. Four years 
C. Ten weeks 
D. From six months to two years 

Question 49: Which statement is NOT true, according to the passage?

A. Visitors to Manhattan Comp are required to go through certain security procedure.
B. The schooling experience at Manhattan Comp is likely to change the students' lives for the better. 
C. Many students at Manhattan Comp have never had any formal schooling before. 
D. All of the students at Manhattan Comp are seventeen or above.

Question 50: What can be inferred about Manhattan Comp from the passage? 

A. It plays down the importance of extra-curricular activities. 
B. It has recently been equipped with state-of-the-art facilities. 
C. Its principal is well-liked among the students for his amiability. 
D. Its students are required to work part-time while pursuing their studies there. 

Đáp án:

Đề thì số 2

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges. 

Question 1: Peter and Mary are talking about social networks. 
- Peter: "Using social networks may have negative effects on students."
- Mary: “_____”. It distracts them from their studies." 

A. You're wrong 
B. That's quite true 
C. I don't quite agree 
D. I'm not sure about that

Question 2:  David is apologising to his teacher for being late.
- David: "Sorry I'm late! The traffic is so heavy."
- Teacher:" _____. Come in and sit down.'' 

A. Thank you 
B. You're so kind 
C. Me neither 
D.  It's alright 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Question 3: I have tried hard, but it is too difficult to find the solution to this maths problem.  

A. link 
B. answer 
C. reply 
D. relation 

Question 4: Though considered the king sport in many parts of the world, soccer has never really caught on in the United States. 

A. been consolidated 
B. been active 
C. become popular 
D. remained silent

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 5: Such terrible acts of child abuse were not ignored thanks to the continuing protests of the online community. 

A. witnessed 
B. disregarded 
C. unsolved 
D. noticed

Question 6: Despite sharing viewpoints on many issues, Nina and her husband are at odds when it comes to child rearing. 

A. under pressure 
B. in conflict 
C. in agreement 
D. at library 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 7: We all wish to create a friendly and supportive environment _____to learning. 

A. liable 
B. accommodating 
C. conducive 
D. detrimental 

Question 8: Nicholas had never chaired a meeting before, but he rose to the _____ yesterday when he presided over a forum.

A. occasion
B. incident 
C. difficulty
D. issue

Question 9: This is _____ most interesting book I've ever read. 

A. Ø 
B. an 
C. a 
D. the 

Question 10: If we are not busy this weekend, we _____ the new fruit farm in the countryside. 

A. would have visited 
B. would visit
C. visited 
D. will visit 

Question 11: I think mobile phones are ______ for people of all ages. 

A. usefully 
B. usage 
C. use
D. useful

Question 12: It was so noisy outside that she couldn't concentrate _____ her work. 

A. at 
B. in
C. on
D. with

Question 13: The students were worried that they wouldn't be able to _____ the deadline for the assignment. 

A. answer 
B. match 
C. beat
D. meet 

Question 14: In spite of their disabilities, the children at Spring School manage to _____ an active social life.

A. lead 
B. take 
C. gather 
D. save

Question 15: She hurt herself while she ______ hide-and-seek with her friends.

A. was playing 
B. played
C. is playing
D. had played 

Question 16:  ______, they got on well with each other. 

A. To quarrel a lot like siblings at their age 
B. But most siblings at their age quarrel a lot 
C. While most siblings at their age quarrel a lot
D. For most siblings to quarrel a lot at their age

Question 17: My sister really enjoys acting as a hobby, but she doesn't want to do it for a(n) _____. 

A. survival 
B. occupation 
C. living 
D. existence 

Question 18: I will never forget ______ to the Royal Garden Party, where superb cuisines were served amid luxurious surroundings.

A. being invited 
B. to invite 
C. inviting
D. to be invited 

Question 19: If _____ with pictures and diagrams, a lesson will be more interesting and comprehensible. 

A. have illustrated 
C. was illustrated
D. illustrating

Question 20: Children are encouraged to read books _____ they are a wonderful source of knowledge. 

A. although 
B. in spite of
C. because of 
D. because

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 

Question 21: 

A. reduced 
B. survived 
C. happened 
D. bothered

Question 22: 

A. sound 
B. doubt 
C. count 
D. group 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 23: 

A. energy 
B. exercise 
C. addition 
D. article 

Question 24: 

A. connect 
B. travel 
C. deny 
D. return 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 25: Her parents didn't attend her graduation ceremony. They regret it now.

A. If only her parents could attend her graduation ceremony. 
B. Her parents wish they had attended her graduation ceremony.
C. Her parents regret having attended her graduation ceremony.
D. If her parents attended her graduation ceremony, they would regret it.

Question 26: The coach changed his tactics in the second half. His football team won the match. 

A. Had it not been for the coach's change of tactics in the second half, the football team wouldn't have won the match. 
B. Only if the coach had changed the tactics in the second half could his football team have won the match. 
C. But for the coach's change of tactics in the second half, his football team could have won the match. 
D. Not until his football team had won the match did the coach change his tactics in the second half. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 27: The villagers are highly appreciable of the volunteers' efforts in reconstructing their houses after the devastating storm. 

A. highly appreciable
B. volunteers' efforts 
C. reconstructing 
D. devastating 

Question 28: Household chores should share among members of the family. 

A. Household 
B. should share 
C. members 
D. the family.

Question 29: Reading books has been always my hobby since I was very young. 

A. Reading 
B. has been always 
C. since 
D. very young

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 

Question 30: "When did you start practising yoga?” asked Tom.

A. Tom wanted to know when I was starting practising yoga. 
B. Tom wanted to know when did I start practising yoga. 
C. Tom wanted to know when I had started practising yoga.
D. Tom wanted to know when had I started practising yoga.

Question 31: Paul likes reading comic books more than watching cartoons.

A. Paul likes watching cartoons more than reading comic books. 
B. Paul likes watching cartoons as much as reading comic books. 
C. Paul doesn't like watching cartoons as much as reading comic books.
D. Paul doesn't like reading comic books as much as watching cartoons.

Question 32: I thought it was not necessary to book tickets for the film in advance, but I was wrong. 

A. I couldn't have booked tickets for the film in advance. 
B. I must have booked tickets for the film in advance.
C. I should have booked tickets for the film in advance. 
D. I needn't have booked tickets for the film in advance.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 37. 

The importance of fairy tales for children 

Fairy tales are the stories that adults, especially parents, tell young children. In view of their name, it is surprising that hardly any of them are actually about fairies. (33) ________ most fairy tales have happy endings, the stories usually deal with very (34) ________ situations - children abandoned in the forest, terrifying giants, cruel stepmothers. However, despite being scared when they are told the stories, children will often ask to hear them over and over again.

Many psychologists believe that what fairy tales do, in addition to (35) ________ children's imagination, is to show that there are problems in the world and they can be overcome. Just like adults, children have fears and worries: theirs are of things such as abandonment, loss, injuries, witches. Fairy tales present real problems in a fantasy form (36) ________ children are able to understand. This, it is claimed, allow them to (37) ________ their fears and to realise, if ever in their unconscious mind, that no matter how difficult the circumstances, there are always ways of coping. 

(Adopted from “Richmond Practice Tests for Cambridge English: Advanced ”)

Question 33: 

A. Although 
B. Despite
C. Because 
D. Therefore

Question 34: 

A. frightening 
B. frighteningly 
C. frighten 
D. fright

Question 35: 

A. motivating 
B. stimulating 
C. speculating 
D. inciting 

Question 36: 

A. where 
B. why 
C. that 
D. who 

Question 37: 

A. confront 
B. alter 
C. nurture 
D. suffer

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42. 

Norwich is the capital of East Anglia, an area on the east coast of England which is famous for its natural beauty and impressive architecture. Norwich is a wonderful city to explore and is popular with tourists all year round. 

Norwich is not a city of luxurious hotels, but it has a good selection of reasonably priced places to stay in, both in the city centre and further out. The Beeches Hotel, for example, next to the cathedral, has a beautiful Victorian garden. Comfortable accommodations costs £65 for two nights' bed and breakfast per person. Norwich is famous for its magnificent cathedral. The cathedral has a summer programme of music and events which is open to the general public. One event, "Fire from heaven", is a drama and musical performance with fireworks, a laser light show and a carnival with local people dressed in colourful costumes. 

Norwich is also home to the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, a world-class collection of international art in a building at the University of East Anglia. This is well worth a visit and there is a lovely canteen with an excellent selection of hot and cold snacks. It also specializes in vegetarian food. In addition, the city has a new professional theatre, the Playhouse, on the River Wensum. The city' annual international arts festival is from 10 to 20 October. 

Finally, if you fancy a complete break from the stresses of everyday life, you could hire a boat and spend a few days cruising along the river of the famous Norfolk Broads National Park. In our environmentally friendly age, the emphasis has moved forwards the quiet enjoyment of nature and wildlife. You can buy hire a boat, big or small, for an hour or two or even up to a week or two. This makes a perfect day out or holiday for people of all ages. 

(Adopted from “Succeed in Cambridge English Preliminary” by Andrew Betsis and Lawrence Mamas)  

Question 38: Which best serves as the title for the passage? 

A. Daily Life in Norwich 
B. Holidays in Norwich 
C. A Destination Guide to England 
D. England's Famous Cities

Question 39: The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ______. 

A. the Beeches Hotel 
B. the city centre
C. selection 
D. Norwich 

Question 40: According to paragraph 2, which is NOT part of "Fire from Heaven"? 

A. A laser light show 
B. A campfire 
C. A carnival 
D. A fireworks display 

Question 41: The word "cruising" in paragraph 4 mostly means _____. 

A. moving on land 
B. travelling by boat 
C. surfing 
D. swimming 

Question 42: According to the passage, where is the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts located? 

A. In a building at the University of East Anglia 
B. In a new professional theatre on the River Wensum 
C. In an international art museum 
D. In the Norfolk Broads National Park
 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. 

The United Nations recently outlined the extent of the global water crisis, saying that 2.7 billion people would face severe water shortages by 2025 if consumption continues at current rates. Today, an estimated 1.2 billion people drink unclean water, and about 2.5 billion lack proper toilets or waste disposal systems. More than five million people die each year from diseases related to unclean water. Humans are pumping water out of the ground faster than it can be replenished. In this difficult situation, a water conservationist, Neil MacLeod in South Africa, has found innovative ways to improve his local water situation. 

Neil MacLeod took over as head of Durban Metro Water Services in 1992. The situation he found was a catastrophe. Durban had one million people living in the city and another 1.5 million people who lived in poverty just outside it. The entire city was rife with broken water pipes, leaky toilets, and faulty plumbing whereby 42 percent of the region's water was simply being wasted. 

MacLeod's crews began repairing and replacing water pipes. They put water meters on residences, replaced eight-litter toilets with four-litter models, and changed wasteful showers and water taps. To ensure that the poor would receive a basic supply of water, MacLeod installed tanks in homes and apartments to provide 190 liters of water a day free to each household. Water consumption in Durban is now less than it was in 1996, even as 800,000 more people have received service. Through sensible water use, Durban's conservation measures paid for themselves within a year. No new reservoirs will be needed in the coming decades, despite the expected addition of about 300,000 inhabitants. 

MacLeod has also turned to water recycling. At the water recycling plant, wastewater is turned into clean water in just 12 hours. Most people are unable to discern a difference between the usual city drinking water and the treated wastewater, although it is actually intended for industrial purposes. 

Some people still hope that new technology, such as the desalination of seawater, will solve the world's water problems. "But the fact is, water conservation is where the big gains are to be made," says Sandra Postel of the Global Water Policy Project. The dedication and resourcefulness of people like Neil MacLeod offer inspiration for implementing timely and lasting solutions to the world's water concern. 

(Adopted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul MacIntyre and David Bohlke)  

Question 43: Which best serves as the title for the passage? 

A. South Africa to Successfully Desalinate Seawater 
B. Tackling Water Problems: A Story from South Africa
C. The United Nations to Address Local Water Situations 
D. Drinkable Seawater - A Dream Turning Sour? 

Question 44: According to the passage, how many people have to drink unclean water worldwide? 

A. 2.5 billion 
B. About 5 million 
C. 2.7 billion 
D. Around 1.2 billion 

Question 45: The word "catastrophe" in paragraph 2 is mostly a situation which is 

A. disastrous 
B. unlikely 
C. local 
D. familiar 

Question 46: The word "it” in paragraph 3 refers to _____. 

A. Durban 
B. water consumption 
C. household 
D. service

Question 47: The word "discern" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by _____. 

A. recognize
B. emphasize 
C. examine 
D. appreciate 

Question 48: What is the essence of Neil MacLeod's solutions to the water problems in Durban? 

A. Reliance on foreign aid 
B. Exploitation of ground water
C. Conservation of water 
D. Construction of new reservoirs 

Question 49: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? 

A. Over forty percent of Durban's water was wasted through faulty plumbing, leaks and bursts. 
B. Money saved from sensible water use helped cover the cost of reservoir construction in Durban.
C. In Durban, treated wastewater is provided free of charge to meet the residents' daily needs.
D. Provision of desalinated seawater is the ultimate solution to the world's water problems.

Question 50: What can be inferred from the passage? 

A. Each Durban household is not allowed to use more than 190 liters of water per day 
B. Water shortages are the most severe in areas with substandard toilet facilities. 
C. It used to take about half a day to convert wastewater into drinkable water. 
D. A growth in population normally necessitates a rise in the number of reservoirs.

Đáp án:

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